Effects of baru almond oil (Dipteryx alata Vog.) supplementation on body composition,inflammation, oxidative stress,lipid profile,and plasma fatty acids of hemodialysis patients: A randomized,double-blind,placebo-controlled clinical trial

BackgroundThe consumption of nuts and edible seeds is associated with the improvement of the metabolic profile and reduction of cardiovascular diseases. However, the effects of its subproducts, such as oil, are still poorly studied. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of the baru almond oil supplementation on inflammation, oxidative stress, body composition, lipid profile, and plasma fatty acids of hemodialysis patients.MethodsIn a randomized, double-blind, 12-week placebo-controlled clinical study, hemodialysis patients were supplemented with 5 g of baru oil (BG, n = 17) or 5 g of mineral oil (placebo, BP, n = 12). Body composition, renal function, ultra-sensitive C-reactive protein (us-CRP), oxidative stress, plasma fatty acids, and lipid profile were analysed before and after the intervention.ResultsPatients were aged 50.5 ± 2.2 years and the average time of dialyses was 52,1 ± 42,6 months. The BG decreased us-CRP concentration compared to PG (-1.2 ± 0.2 vs. + 0.8 ± 0.2 mg / L,d = 0.88; p = 0.01). Baru almond oil supplementation was not effective in improving body composition, lipid profile, and oxidative stress.ConclusionBaru almond oil supplementation decreased us-CRP concentration in patients with chronic kidney disease under hemodialysis treatment.     

苓桂术甘汤中多糖结构组成及其抗氧化活性考察

目的:研究苓桂术甘汤中多糖的结构,包括单糖组成以及官能团检测,并对其抗氧化能力进行评估,为体外生物测定法运用于苓桂术甘汤的质量评价提供基础。方法:利用高效凝胶色谱对全方多糖分子量进行研究;进一步采用气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)柱前衍生化法及红外光谱扫描分析全方多糖结构组成;采用1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼(DPPH)及羟基自由基测定全方粗多糖及精多糖的抗氧化能力。结果:全方多糖由单一峰组成,且相对分子质量为3 689 Da,主要由阿拉伯糖、甘露糖、葡萄糖、半乳糖、果糖组成,摩尔比为6. 85∶1. 00∶109. 21∶1. 04∶21. 82,其中葡萄糖和果糖为主要组成成分;红外结果显示聚糖结构中存在吡喃糖及糖醛酸,并且糖苷键存在2种立体异构(α-糖苷键及β-糖苷键);抗氧化研究发现全方多糖有一定清除DPPH自由基及羟基自由基的能力,粗多糖的活性优于精多糖。进一步采用LC-Q-TOF-MS对粗多糖中的其他成分进行定性分析,提示这与甘草中五环三萜类成分的吸附有关。结论:苓桂术甘汤中多糖及五环三萜类物质均是苓桂术甘汤抗氧化作用的物质基础,利用体外生物测定法测定抗氧化活性可作为全面控制苓桂术甘汤质量的评价指标。     

Reference measurements of mercury species in seafood using isotope dilution inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry

Species-specific isotope dilution inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (SS ID ICP-MS) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) were used to obtain accurate and SI traceable results for methyl mercury in seafood samples such as clam, oyster and fish homogenate. The mass fractions of (62.3 ± 2.3) μg kg⁻¹, (5.44 ± 0.36) μg kg⁻¹ and (531 ± 19) μg kg⁻¹ were obtained for MeHg (as Hg) in IAEA-461, IAEA-470 and IAEA-476, respectively. Direct isotope dilution mass spectrometry was performed for total mercury content then the content of inorganic mercury in selected samples was obtained by calculation. It was found that the content of inorganic Hg in IAEA-461, IAEA-470, and IAEA-476 was as: 328 μg kg⁻¹, 16 μg kg⁻¹, and 62 μg kg⁻¹, respectively. Mathematical modelling of analytical procedure and evaluation of all parameters influencing final results were adequate for validation of measurement procedure, establishing traceability and estimating expanded uncertainty. Developed procedures were successfully applied in the characterization process of fish homogenate candidate reference material and in the calculation of assigned values in the frame of IAEA-476 inter-laboratory comparison study. Compatibility between obtained results and those derived from the certification campaign, organized by International Atomic Energy Agency on the same sample matrix (<2.6 % difference) further validated performed ID ICP-MS protocols.     

不同骨密度老年人群的体成分、肌力及心脏功能特点

目的 分析不同骨密度老年人群的体成分、肌力和心脏功能特点。方法 选择2019年1月至2021年12月在内蒙古自治区人民医院健康管理中心行骨密度检查年龄为65~80岁的500名受试者作为研究对象。采用人体成分分析仪检测并记录受试者骨骼肌指数、体脂肪率、脂肪控制、肌肉控制、右臂肌肉量、肌力；采用超声诊断仪检查并记录受试者心脏功能（EF、EDV、ESV、FS、HR、e/a）。结果 在500例研究对象中，骨量异常人数较多，占77 %，其中骨质疏松者93人（18.6 %），骨量减少者292人（58.4 %），骨量正常者115人（23%）。在男性中，骨质疏松者21人（8.4 %），骨量减少者153人（61.2 %），骨量正常者76人（30.4 %）；在女性中，骨质疏松者72人（28.8 %），骨量减少者139人（55.6 %），骨量正常者39人（15.6 %）；女性患骨质疏松的比例高于男性。女性的体脂肪率（37.20±4.13）高于男性（28.15±5.38）；女性骨骼肌指数（8.20±0.58）低于男性（9.23±0.55）（P＜0.05）。500例研究对象中需进行肌肉控制（增肌）的比例为55.6 % (278人),需进行脂肪控制（减脂）的比例为100 %（500人）。男性、女性分别按照骨密度分为骨质疏松组、骨量减少组及骨质正常组，三组体质量指数（body mass index, BMI)、T值、 Z值、骨骼肌指数、肌肉控制、右臂肌肉量、右手握力、左手握力比较，差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）；年龄、体脂肪率、脂肪控制比较，差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。组间两两比较男性组BMI、T值、 Z值、骨骼肌指数、肌肉控制、右臂肌肉量、右手握力、左手握力组间比较差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）；女性组T值、 Z值、骨骼肌指数、肌肉控制、右臂肌肉量、右手握力、左手握力组间比较差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。Pearson 相关分析显示，T值与骨骼肌指数、BMI、右臂肌肉量及右手握力呈正相关；相较BMI，T值与骨骼肌指数、右臂肌肉量相关性更高；与肌肉控制（增肌）呈负相关（r值= – 0.326，P=0.000）；与体脂肪率及脂肪控制无相关性。心脏功能EDV（F=0.042,P=0.958）、ESV（F=0.008,P=0.992）、EF值（F=0.060,P=0.942）、FS值（F=0. 057,P=0.945）、HR（F=0. 032,P=0.969）组间比较差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）；e/a（F=3.768,P=0.034）比较差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论 老年人群骨量异常比率较高，随着骨密度减低，骨骼肌指数及肌力也会下降，且骨质疏松患者易出现心脏舒张功能减低。利用生物电阻抗测定人体成分可以分析骨质疏松患者人体成分变化，能够更细化地了解其肌肉和脂肪的含量，为进一步预防、治疗骨质疏松及优化老年人人体成分提供依据。     

Progressive and accelerated weight and body fat loss in Parkinson's disease: A three-year prospective longitudinal study

IntroductionAlthough weight loss is common in Parkinson's disease (PD), longitudinal studies assessing weight and body composition changes are limited.MethodsIn this three-year longitudinal study, 125 subjects (77 PD patients and 48 spousal/sibling controls) underwent clinical, biochemical and body composition assessments using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry.ResultsPatients were older than controls (65.6 ± 8.9 vs. 62.6 ± 7.1, P = 0.049), with no significant differences in gender, comorbidities, dietary intake and physical activity. Clinically significant weight loss (≥5% from baseline weight) was recorded in 41.6% of patients, with a doubling of cases (6.5 to 13.0%) classified as underweight at study end. Over three years, patients demonstrated greater reductions in BMI (mean −1.2 kg/m², 95%CI-2.0 to −0.4), whole-body fat percentage (−2.5% points, 95%CI-3.9 to −1.0), fat mass index (FMI) (−0.9 kg/m², 95%CI-1.4 to −0.4), visceral fat mass (−0.1 kg, 95%CI-0.2 to 0.0), and subcutaneous fat mass (−1.9 kg, 95%CI-3.4 to −0.5) than in controls, with significant group-by-time interactions after adjusting for age and gender. Notably, 31.2% and 53.3% of patients had FMI<3rd (severe fat deficit) and <10th centiles, respectively. Muscle mass indices decreased over time in both groups, without significant group-by-time interactions. Multiple linear regression models showed that loss of body weight and fat mass in patients were associated with age, dyskinesia, psychosis and constipation.ConclusionsWe found progressive loss of weight in PD patients, with greater loss of both visceral and subcutaneous fat, but not muscle, compared to controls. Several associated factors (motor and non-motor disease features) were identified for these changes, providing insights on possible mechanisms and therapeutic targets.     

基于UPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap-MS分析刺果番荔枝叶的化学成分

目的利用UPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap-MS技术对刺果番荔枝叶的化学成分进行定性分析。方法采用Waters Acquity UPLC HSS T 3色谱柱(2.1 mm×100 mm,1.8μm),流动相为0.1%甲酸水(A)和乙腈(B)梯度洗脱,流速为0.3 mL/min,进样量2μL,在电喷雾正负离子模式下采集数据。经Reaxys数据库检索番荔枝属类化合物信息,通过质谱信息比对各化合物的m/z值、保留时间、质谱特征碎片等,并结合文献数据对鉴定的化合物进行验证。结果根据各化合物的特征裂解规律,从刺果番荔枝叶中共鉴定出45个化合物,包括16个生物碱类,14个番荔枝内酯类,7个黄酮类和8个其他类化合物,其中以番荔枝内酯类和生物碱类成分居多,与文献报道番荔枝内酯与生物碱类化合物是发挥抗癌的主要活性成分一致。结论利用UPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap-MS技术对刺果番荔枝叶中的化学成分进行了快速、准确的定性分析,为刺果番荔枝叶的提取分离与药效物质基础的研究提供依据。     

益母草属萜类化学成分及其药理作用研究进展

益母草属植物中的化合物类型多样、结构丰富,其中萜类化合物是目前发现数量最多的一类,同时具有广泛的生物活性。因此,作者对益母草属萜类化合物及其药理活性进行总结归纳,为该属萜类化合物的进一步研究提供参考。